All My Ancestors

31 October 2007

Popcorn Balls

Filed under: Holidays, Oklahoma, Unruh Family — allmyanc @ 11:37 am

Today’s newspaper has a cover story in the Life section about popcorn balls, tying it to Halloween and fall. One of my favorite memories is making popcorn balls with my granddad.

My mom’s parents lived in South Dakota in an old house that I suspect was built about 1880. The kitchen had a sloping floor because it had been built with a cistern underneath–the cistern was no longer used but the floor still sloped. My grandmother said she saw a fireball roll across the kitchen floor one evening during a lightening storm, and my dad said the second year of my brother’s life he (dad) was always soaked in milk because he sat “downhill” from him at mealtimes. That kitchen also had at least 2 and sometimes 3 pantries–depending on which state of re-modeling the kitchen was in–they stored such disparate things as the shotguns and rifles we used for hunting, the ironing board, and every check-stub my granddad ever wrote.

The evenings were long in South Dakota–I was usually either re-reading the Zane Grey series of westerns my grandmother had bought on subscription for my aunt, or I was trying to watch the snowy television that got one channel.

Sometimes Granddad decided we needed a treat–he had a real sweet tooth, which, of course, was just fine with us grandkids. He believed in lots of ice cream to “cool your belly.” That was no mean fete when the ranch was 17 miles from town–we usually had a small cone from the dairy stand next door to the grocery store, and then we wrapped the frozen 1/2 gallons of ice cream from the store in triple layers of newspaper tied with string to transport them home. But sometimes the treat of choice was popcorn balls.

Making popcorn balls with Granddad (as was anything when Granddad was involved) was a real procedure. First we had to fire up the old O’Keefe and Merritt range that ran on propane. We had to find just the right pan to pop the corn in, adjust for the precise ratio of corn and oil, and then we had to find the exact balance between shaking the pan and letting it sit so the maximum number of kernels would pop.

Even after this careful attention, some unpopped kernels made it through, so we had to sort those out. We usually made 3 or 4 batches of popcorn, and we put them in the big enamel dishpan on the table that sat in the middle of the kitchen. Us kids were usually tasked with sorting while Granddad got the syrup started.

The recipe must have been in his head because I never saw a piece of paper. He watched it carefully, adjusting the gas flame and analyzing the boil and then dropping a sample into a cup of cold water. He’d stick his finger into the water and roll the sample around–if it formed a ball then it was ready–he seemed to be able to look at the bubbles in the pan, though, and know. I doubt he ever saw a candy thermometer. All this time, he’s narrating what he’s doing and telling us what he’s looking for. I listened, but my own popcorn balls still require a recipe. And a thermometer.

If we were lucky, we could rustle up some nuts to put into the mix–sometimes Granny had some pecans or peanuts squirreled away and those went into the dishpan mix as well. He gave it a final stir to be sure we’d gotten all the “old maids” out–see below for my theory on why he called them that. Maybe he added a shake or two of salt. Then, while telling us how important it was to pour the hot syrup carefully so we didn’t get burned but also so it coated all the popped corn, Granddad began pouring in the boiling clear sweet syrup. He’d turn the dishpan with one hand and pour the syrup in a very thin stream with the other. Sometimes he’d tell us to go ahead and start stirring–how we avoided getting burned I’ll never know, but I don’t remember any serious accidents.

Then it was time to eat. Most of the popcorn never made it into a ball–we just ate it “loose.” It was delicious everytime. We’d eat our fill and then peel the stray bits of syrup off the sides of the dishpan. I remember later after he and Granny had moved from South Dakota down to stay with my aunt in Oklahoma where I was going to college, a college friend and I persuaded Grandad to help us make some popcorn at my aunt’s. Grandad couldn’t hear very well as he aged, but when my friend asked me why he called the unpopped kernals “old maids,” and in a hushed tone, I ventured a guess, we were met with a “Now, girls…” from Granddad. I reminded him that he didn’t hear so well and he reminded me to be nice. My friend and I still have a laugh over that one.

Recently I met a woman who told me that one of her favorite childhood memories was going to my great-aunt’s house at Halloween because my Aunt Edna always had delicious popcorn balls. This was out in the Oklahoma panhandle, where the trick-or-treating took some chauffeuring as the farm houses weren’t all that close together. Aunt Edna was my granddad’s sister–must have been one of their family traditions.

28 October 2007

What do you know?

Filed under: Osborne Family, Photos, Tennessee — allmyanc @ 6:11 pm

Here’s a good example of answering one question but getting at least two more. When was this photo taken and who is the subject?

entire image

Due to my recent posting about John Wright Osborne, I’ve made another family connection. I’ve very glad as one of my goals is to find descendants for each of the generation that has 10 Osborne sons–the sons of Jonathan Osborne and Martha Roland. I believe that at least one of them had no descendants–Archibald Magruder Osborne died before he was married and I assume he had no children. I’m not sure about the oldest son, named Christopher for his paternal grandfather. I’m certain I’ve found descendants from 3 of the 9 who are known to have had children, so I have plenty more work to do.

This photo came from a descendant of John Wright Osborne’s father, Thomas. I believe I’ve mentioned that he married twice–his first wife, Mary Jane Wright, was John Wright’s mother. His second wife, Eveline Matlock, bore 9 more children for a grand total of 13. Thomas was just younger than my own ggreat-grandfather, John Osborne, and was his business partner in some land deals in west Tennessee, though Thomas lived in the eastern part of the state.

Thomas’ descendant wants this to be a picture of Eveline. The subject’s clothing, hairstyle, and jewelry are the main clues from the photo itself. There is no photographer’s stamp or mark on it–nothing is on the reverse. The original is small, about 2.5″ x 4″. The cardboard backing is not thick but it is rigid.

Eveline was born in 1824, so even if this photo was made in the early days of photography in the 1860s, that would make Eveline in her mid to late 30s. I’ll admit that I have a hard time estimating today’s ages, much less those of folks a century or two old, but I don’t think this person looks 35 or so. I have some books on reserve at the library to see what I can find about the jewelry and the dress style. Her hair looks like its in a snood, but my research on snoods indicates they’ve been used since the middle ages, so that doesn’t help narrow the date. From the little research that I have done, the fact that there are no props in the picture and that it’s a bust shot rather than a full-length shot, and that it’s a small photo, make me think this photo is earlier rather than later.

But what do you think about a date? I’d be happy to hear from anyone with a tidbit of info about photography history, and I’ll be happy to be contradicted–not a common event, trust me. :-)

Here’s another cropped version of the photo–maybe it helps

closeup

Is there a hint of a high waist line at the bottom of this image?

We’d love to know what you think.

22 October 2007

What to do? What to do?

Filed under: Cemeteries, How to, Missouri, Oklahoma, Photos — allmyanc @ 3:12 pm

So many topics floating through my head.

I’ll pick two–more info about the Missouri Blair line and research in Oklahoma.

I found the burial site of the governor’s father–he’s in the same cemetery in Jefferson City as the governor. As is the governor’s brother Sam C. Blair, US Attorney, and a third brother, William Clark Blair. I haven’t dug about long enough for William C. yet, but all three of these men served in World War II, one a colonel, one a major and one a lt. (jg) in the Navy.

Then there’s Dr. Anna Lou Blair, whom I found as well. She is the sister of James T., Sr. and distinguished enough in her own right. She taught 49 years at Missouri State University in Springfield, served as the chair of the Modern Languages department, and has a building named for her. I found her on the 1930 census studying at Yale and in 1940, she’s returning from a trip to Chile. She sounds like no slouch.

That’s just one of the topics I want to explore. (Not to mention that I keep thinking I should be able to find an obituary for James T., Sr. So far, I have not been successful in any of my subscription databases.)

Then there’s the article in one of the recent genealogy magazines that lists online sites for each state. There’s one lonely entry for Oklahoma, and it’s the Access Genealogy site that has the index to the final rolls of the Dawes Commission. It’s listed as a site that charges, which I’ve not found to be so, and the site also has in caps and bold letters the most ignored statement in Native American genealogical research:

IF YOUR ANCESTOR WAS NOT LIVING IN INDIAN TERRITORY DURING 1898-1914 THEY WILL NOT BE LISTED ON DAWES!!

But the point is that there are some other Oklahoma sites that are pretty terrific. One of the best, in my opinion, is the database of the Indian Pioneer interviews done in the 1930s–another one of those great WPA projects. These interviews were done with “89ers” (those who came to Oklahoma for the 1889 land run, or a subsequent run) or their descendants AND with Native Americans who already lived here, or their descendants and covers a time period of about 1860-late 1930s. With almost 80,000 entries, it is a rich, rich resource, and the University of Oklahoma Western History Collections has all the interviews mounted for access by name, place or subject.

The Research Center at the Oklahoma Historical Society has some good information up as well. The index to the 1890 Territorial Census is available at here. This census is particularly important since most of the 1890 census for the rest of the country was destroyed. Because Oklahoma was not yet a state, this census was not with the federal census and thus survives. It covers a portion of the Unassigned Lands (Logan, Oklahoma, Cleveland, Canadian, Kingfisher, and Payne Counties) in the center of the state and Beaver County in the panhandle.

Photos from early Oklahoma are also available online at the Oklahoma Historical Society’s site. Use the Archives link in the online catalog and type in a subject. If you see “file available” in the lower right corner, click on that link and see the photo. This database is no where near complete, but it’s fun to browse–type in the name of an Indian tribe or an old Oklahoma town and see what comes up.

Another online source, though not tied to any agency or company, is the work done by the late Mary Turner Kinard. She indexed many of the pre-statehood marriages from Indian Territory and that index is available online here. The documents themselves are in various repositories, but the site tells the searcher where to obtain copies.

We shouldn’t forget the Oklahoma portion of the USGenWeb project–I still find myself using it on an almost daily basis when I’m at work. It’s well maintained and has some very good information for anyone researching in Oklahoma.

I’ll stop.

Those are just two of the topics floating through my mind, and they aren’t even related except that they both address genealogical quests. Granted the Oklahoma resources aren’t all that straightforward, but they are there and they are free for now. And what’s the use of having a blog if not to use to clear my head?

18 October 2007

Hello, Guv

Filed under: How to, Missouri, Osborne Family — allmyanc @ 11:41 pm

After I wrote about cousin John Wright Osborne earlier in the week, I decided to look again at his family.

Finding his Civil War questionnaire was accomplished early in my genealogical endeavors. In going back through his file, for example, I found that he’d been in Camp Douglas, the prisoner of war camp for Confederates. I knew I had other family members who died there but I’d forgotten that John W. had been there.

After the death of his mother, Mary Jane Wright, his father Thomas Osborne remarried, to Eveline Matlock, and had several more children. The first child of that second marriage was Louisa M. Osborne, with the M. probably standing for Matlock. Louisa married a physician, Dr. Samuel Tate Blair. I believe her sister married Dr. S.T.’s brother, but there were lots of Blairs in that area, so maybe a cousin.

On a lark, I entered the good doctor’s name into Google and found one of those fabulous Goodspeed write-ups for him. (I actually think I was looking for information about the college John Wright refers to–Ewing and Jeff, which turns out to be a Cumberland Presbyterian college with the official title of Ewing and Jefferson College.) To my surprise, he’d moved to Missouri. I always say I’m one of the few people I know who doesn’t have family in Missouri or Kentucky. That just changed. :-)

So I started looking for records on this family in Missouri, and, again, surprise, surprise, I found that at least one of Samuel and Louisa’s sons and grandsons distinguished themselves by being the Supreme Court Justice, and in the case of the grandson, serving as first the lieutenant governor and then the governor of the state. The father served in the state legislature as well.

Part of what allowed me to get to this information was accessing Missouri’s online death certificates–I found one for both Dr. Samuel and wife Louisa. Each was signed by James T. Blair, I believe one by the father and one by the son. That lead me to searching for more information via the census records and newspapers.

I was sorry to read about the untimely death of James, Jr. and his wife Emilie. What a freak accident. So I get to add these to my other (2) relatives listed as “famous“at the Political Graveyard site. Now, of course, since that site notes that his burial site is unknown, one of the things I have to know is where James, Sr. is buried.

There’s a 1930 census entry for a James T. Blair, b. about 1868 in Tennessee that matches the James Sr. who was in Missouri, but is this the same man? He’s managing a hotel in Palo Pinto County, Texas. (I don’t know if he knows it or not, but he has other relatives in the area at that time.) Maybe it is him–who knows? Maybe he needed something completely different to do. Maybe he went to Mineral Wells for the “waters.” Places of birth and dates match, but more work will need to be done.

At any rate, this was an interesting find. I look forward to more like this–after you’ve done genealogy for so long, these sorts of finds are few and far between. I like it!

15 October 2007

John Wright Osborne and the Tennessee Civil War Veterans’ Questionnaires

Filed under: Cooper Family, North Carolina, Osborne Family, Tennessee — allmyanc @ 9:52 am

John and I are first cousins, 3 times removed. His father Thomas (1810-1871) and my great-great grandfather John (1808-1865) were brothers. They were two of the ten (!) sons of Jonathan and Martha Roland Osborne of Mecklenburg and Haywood Counties, North Carolina.

I first found John years ago when I was searching through the Tennessee Civil War Vet’s Questionnaires (the index is available there as well). I’d heard about these documents and since so many of my Osborne ancestors went to Tennessee from North Carolina, I thought I should take a look. Sure enough, Cousin John took the time out in Tacoma, Washington, to fill out his form and send it in. As the website says, these questionnaires are a rich source of information about family and life in the early 19th century in Tennessee. He was a veteran of Company F, 43rd TN Infantry, serving from Roane (now Loudon) County. As far as I know, these questionnaires are not available online, but the forms used (questions asked) can be viewed here.

This is a rich resource that not many people seem to know about. The information has been transcribed and published in a multi-volume set and is available in many libraries (published 1983 by Southern Historical Press is one printing). The originals have been microfilmed and are available at the Tennessee State Library and Archives. They are also available through the Family History Library.

John’s questionnaire provided me with an interesting picture of his family life and his schooling. Here’s a summary of his response:

John Wright Osborne is living at 1706 N. Alder in Tacoma, Washington, and gives his age as 79 yrs., 8 mos. & 11 days. He was born in Roane, now Loudon County, Tennessee, states that his father, Thomas Osborne, was a farmer and a trader. Thomas was born in Haywood County, North Carolina, and lived 4 miles from Philadelphia, Tennessee, where he had a white man for an overseer of his 22 slaves and 5000 acres of land. He placed a value of about $110,000 on his father’s property at the beginning of the War. Their home was described as built of bricks, two full stories, 9 rooms, with a full basement and attic. He says that his mother had a white seamstress.
His mother was Mary Jane Wright, and her parents were John Wright & Mary Hines who lived at Wrightsville in Roane County on the Tennessee River. John Wright Osborne states that his grandfather Johnothan [sic] Osborne was of English descent, lived in NC and fought with the patriot army against the British in the American Revolution. His grandfather John Wright was born in Ireland, and came to American about 1810.
He states that he attended a school partly supported by public money, and partly by private subscription. His total schooling is described as 27 months in the semi-public district school, 18 months in private high school, and two years at Ewing & Jeff College.
Of his military experience, he says that he enlisted in June, 1861, in Co. F, 43rd Tennessee CSA. This company of infantry was afterward mounted. His company was first sent to Loudon to guard the railroad bridge across the Tennessee River. About six months after his enlistment, his company was engaged in its first battle at Harrodsburg, Kentucky.

His account of the war:
From Harrodsburg we went back to East Tenn. Then to Vicksburg, was sent from there to exchange camp in Georgia. Then became on of Capt Tom Osborne’s scouts, operating in Upper Tennessee. After his death rejoined my old command in Valley of Virginia with Gen. Earley. Took part in battle of Kernstown, White Post, Newtown, Bunker Hill, Perryville Pike and Winchester. Returned to east Tennessee, was captured near Bristol and sent to Camp Douglas (Chicago). Had small pox and suffered from lack of clothes, medicine and nursing.

He was discharged 8 Mar 1865 at Richmond. He was exchanged as a prisoner and sent to Richmond. There he was put on a freight train, taken a short distance east and dumped off. From there he walked to a sister’s home at Franklin, NC, where he was at the time of the surrender.
After the war, he worked with his father on his farm for 2 years and then went to his own place on Post Oak Island which had been confiscated for Freedman’s Co. for 3 years. He engaged in farming on his own land which he inherited from his mother in 1867. This land was the fertile Post Oak Island in the Tennessee River twelve miles from Knoxville. He remained there until 1882 when he sold out and started west. He went through Texas, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho to east Washington. This trip took about 2 years. He settled on some government land in eastern Washington, but went on over to western Washington about 1885. He resided there except for about a year spent in Arizona, and about 2 years in Alaska–1896 to 1898. The first four years in Washington were spent farming government land and in a mail contract. After his return from Alaska in 1898, he engaged in lumber business with nephews in Pacific County, Washington. “I have been exceedingly fortunate in the lumber business and my financial affairs are in very good shape at present.” He attends First Presbyterian Church.
Among those listed in his Co: Walter Lenoir, James Jones, Lt. Reps Jones 2nd, Hardy Jones. He suggests that a complete roster might be had from Mr. Walter Lenoir, Sweetwater, Tennessee. He lists about 6 other vets as living in Tacoma–indicating that he may have been active in some sort of veteran’s organization.

His account is a fascinating depiction of life leading up to the Civil War and his life afterward. He is also not my only ancestor to serve time at Camp Douglas, sometimes known as the “North’s Andersonville.” Three Cooper brothers from Texas’ 18th Cav., Co. A, were captured at Arkansas Post and sent to this dreadful place where two of the three died. More about them later.

I’ve always thought the Osbornes had a wandering gene, connected to seeking land. John certainly exhibits such traits, though his movement west was fairly typical of the time after the War. I thought it was fascinating that he had been such disparate places as Arizona and Alaska.

John never married. He is listed on the 1920 census as living with his niece Harriet Siler, in Tacoma. He is 77 and she is 43. I believe Harriet is probably the daughter of John’s older sister Martha J., who married David W. Siler in Roane County, Tennessee in 1862.

In December of 1922, John Wright Osborne dies in Tucson, Arizona, of a skull fracture, on a railroad right of way. His death certificate is online at the Arizona Department of Health Services site (thank you, Arizona).

And, of course, this document raises so many more questions–what in the world was a man of his age doing in Arizona? Was he hit by a train? How did this happen? Who was the John Owen who provided the information for his death certificate?

John Wright Osborne’s life is an interesting bridge from pre-Civil War time in east Tennessee to the early 20th century migration to the northeast, with at least a couple of interesting side trips to the southwest and Alaska. Along the way are mentions of schooling, Freedman land dealings, and the timber business. His Civil War Questionnaire is unique in that it meets that desire we genealogists frequently express, to be able to interview those who have gone before.

12 October 2007

I’m a Pepper, You’re a Pepper . . .

Filed under: Cooper Family, Perryton, South Dakota, Texas — allmyanc @ 10:09 am

This morning I was chatting with a friend whose great-uncle had died. She was remembering that when she used to visit this aunt and uncle down in Haskell, Texas, that they always gave her Dr. Pepper, in a glass bottle. For a person of her age (read: young), I suppose a glass bottle was a novelty.

Her story made me think about going over to visit my own great aunt and uncle–we went into their house through the back door. On the back porch (though it was completely enclosed it was still called “the porch”), there was Aunt Eva’s kiln where she fired the china she painted, and a small sink for Uncle George to “wash up” when he came in from the field. And under that little sink usually sat a six-pack of small glass bottles of Dr. Pepper. There was a pantry on further down the way, but the Dr. Pepper didn’t belong in the pantry. It sat out there in plain sight for me to long for. Sometimes I got lucky and was offered one of the drinks–I couldn’t ask for one, y’know, it just wasn’t proper.

This would have been the 1950s and a time when soft drink consumption was way lower than it is now. In fact, we just didn’t drink pop, that I recall. It was a real treat when I’d go to South Dakota for the summers to stay with my maternal grandmother–she owned a country store that actually had pop in the refrigerator. I wasn’t really supposed to drink without paying, but Granny didn’t monitor me, or the inventory, too closely. The cowboys would come in at noon to buy their lunches–a can of vienna sausages or a sliced bologna sandwich, and buy some pop. But that’s the only time I can remember drinking pop as a child–sometimes I’d buy one while in the bus room after school, but not often.

I also remembered my brother and I going up and down the road in front of our house, inspecting the bar ditches for pop bottles. Seems like we could redeem them for 2 cents–it may have only been 1, but it was a way for us to earn some spending money. I have no memory of what we spent it on–but we worked very diligently to gather those bottles. Then began the campaign to get some adult to take us to town so we could cash them in, usually at Bryan’s grocery store.

In high school, in the Texas panhandle, anyway, Dr. Pepper was the drink of choice. I remember having a tower of empty waxed paper cups almost reaching the ceiling in my bedroom–I somehow decided it would be a good thing to save them. But we went faithfully through the Dixie Dog drive-in to keep ourselves well-oiled with the Texas elixir. Later, in college, I drank DDP–Diet Dr. Pepper. We had a favorite convenience store at 23rd and Meridian in Oklahoma City where we bought our drinks–one friend always had Tab, but most of us drank DDP. And the backseat floorboards in our cars clanked with the empties.

I was recently on an overseas flight when a young middle-easterner requested a Dr. Pibb from the flight attendant serving drinks. She asked him to repeat his request and they finally determined that he meant Dr. Pepper–he’d confused it with the Mr. Pibb Dr. Pepper knock-off. She laughed and said she was out but thought there might be one more in the back. Sure enough, she later brought him a can of Dr. Pepper and told him to take it with him. He was thrilled.

Dr. Pepper started in Texas and it’s still very popular there. It is my husband’s drink of choice, but then again, he always orders sweet tea at a restaurant. Maybe it’s his Texas roots–all that sweetness.

10 October 2007

60 Minutes and DNA

Filed under: DNA — allmyanc @ 12:25 pm

I know I’m late to this topic, but the two phrases that keep repeating in my head came at the end of the show.

For those of you who didn’t see it, it’s the story of two people who discover through DNA testing that they are related. One is Vy Higginson, an African American woman from Harlem, and the other is Marion West, a white rancher from Poplar Bluff, Missouri. There have been lots of these sorts of stories lately–even Henry Louis Gates, Jr. discovered his own heritage was 50% European when he was hosting the show about Oprah’s roots. I loved his wry response–what impact this might have on his career. :-)

At the end of 60 Minutes, Vy and Marion are talking about what this find means. Marion says something like, “This is real life” and Vy says “It’s like learning history through my life.”

Despite the condescension to those of us who use DNA as not really knowing its limitations (see Megan Smolenyak’s post), I found the re-run episode enjoyable. Probably because of Marion and Vy’s responses–they had visited back and forth in each other homes and lives and had embraced their connection.

If you’re going to go hunting ancestors, you have to be ready for what you find. It’s part of the grand adventure.

5 October 2007

Sooooo confused

Filed under: Cooper Family, DNA, Dad, Landrum Family, Osborne Family, Uncategorized — allmyanc @ 8:12 pm

One of the first things I saw in Ireland was this:
Palm Trees

Who knew there were palm trees in Ireland? I certainly didn’t.

And then one of our side trips took us to Newgrange. What a wonderful site. I’m so glad my traveling companions made arrangements for this excursion.  This mound is older than the pyramids and I got to go inside!

Newgrange entry

On the way to Newgrange, our terrific tour guide Mary read us an article from the Irish Times entitled “No Petty People, the Ulster Presbyterians,” published 15 May 2007. She read it to us as we traveled through the Boyne Valley, beside and across the River Boyne, scene of the Battle of the Boyne in 1690. One of those battles I’d probably read about in some history class, but it only came alive to me when I was there and hearing about the Ulster Presbyterians, aka the Scots-Irish, in the article.

River Boyne

These folks came to America in the early 1700s, were largely Protestant, particularly Presbyterian, and worked the land. I’ve come to believe that Christopher Osborne was probably Scots-Irish–he’s found in western North Carolina before 1750, he’s Presbyterian, and he worked hard to acquire land. That, of course, does not prove the issue, but it does provide some clues. I think I remember my dad saying some of his family were Scots (he said “Scotch”) Irish–honestly, I don’t know if he was talking about his father’s Osborne line or his mother’s Cooper and Landrum lines. I do believe the Landrums were from Scotland, however, not necessarily via Ireland, according to the research of others that I’ve read. The earliest Coopers we’ve found in our line were in Hampshire County, WV and Maryland.

I have read both James Leyburn’s The Scotch Irish: A Social History (1962) and David Hackett Fischer’s Albion’s Seed: Four British Folkways in America (America: a cultural history). The latter uses the term “borderers” rather an “Scots Irish,” and notes that these folks have substantial Anglo-Saxon and Viking and/or Scandinavian heritage–again, this matches what the Christopher Osborne DNA test reveals. Fischer says,

Some historians describe these immigrants as “Ulster Irish” or “Northern Irish.” It is true that many sailed from the province of Ulster… part of much larger flow which drew from the lowlands of Scotland, the north of England, and every side of the Irish Sea. Many scholars call these people “Scotch-Irish.” That expression is an Americanism, rarely used in Britain and much resented by the people to whom it was attached. …”

So I have more work to do–learning more about the “borderers,” the Scots Irish, and determining what, if any records exist of their migration. The better I understand the people and their history, the more clues I’ll find in the pitifully small amount of information known about Christopher.

Despite finding palm trees in Ireland and learning more about what I don’t know, I think I can move on. :-)

I know enough about the nature of information to know that the more you know, the more you want to know–sort of a variation on the genealogist’s old saw, “You get one question answered and then you have at least 2 more.”

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